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KMID : 1036020220110020111
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지질.동맥경화학회지
2022 Volume.11 No. 2 p.111 ~ p.132
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NAD+ and Vascular Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities
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Abdellatif Mahmoud
Bugger Heiko
Kroemer Guido
Sedej Simon
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Abstract
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential and pleiotropic coenzyme involved not only in cellular energy metabolism, but also in cell signaling, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational protein modifications. Vascular disease risk factors are associated with aberrant NAD+ metabolism. Conversely, the therapeutic increase of NAD+ levels through the administration of NAD+ precursors or inhibitors of NAD+-consuming enzymes reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular pathologies. As such, NAD+ has emerged as a potential target for combatting age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. This review discusses NAD+-regulated mechanisms critical for vascular health and summarizes new advances in NAD+ research directly related to vascular aging and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and aortic aneurysms. Finally, we enumerate challenges and opportunities for NAD+ repletion therapy while anticipating the future of this exciting research field, which will have a major impact on vascular medicine.
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KEYWORD
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Vascular disease, Hypertension, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Inflammation, Mitochondria, Autophagy, Aging
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